According to a press release from Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), a new experimental electricity-free cooling system is being developed. To cool an area or refrigerate food at temperatures of 3.6oC, the technique only requires salt and sunlight.
Drinking water and power are scarce in many parts of the Middle East. This problem necessitates creative solutions, which frequently involve the use of available alternative resources or new technologies like as drones. The United Arab Emirates, for example, has begun utilizing "rain drones" to help trigger storms and enhance rainfall in the region. Another solution to the problem of heat from the abundance of sunny days is the KAUST electricity-free cooling system, which was outlined in a research published in the journal Energy and Environmental Science. Surprisingly, it uses that same sunshine to chill off the structures. The KAUST arrangement produces its cooling effect for indoor spaces using a combination of salt and sunshine – significantly, no energy is required. When salt crystals dissolve in water, the machine takes advantage of a natural "phase-change" phenomena in which energy is absorbed. To put it another way, when salt is added to hot water, the water cools quickly as the salt dissolves. A cooling technology that is very reusable and does not require energy.
Ammonium nitrate was chosen by the KAUST researchers because of its high water solubility and cooling power, which is four times that of ammonium chloride, the next best-performing salt in testing. Ammonium nitrate is an economically viable alternative because it is inexpensive and widely used in fertilizers. The scientists discovered that ammonium nitrate could be used to chill the space around a metal cup filled with ammonium nitrate from room temperature (about 77oF/25oC) to 38 oF (3.6oC) in about 20 minutes. For more than 15 hours, the temperature remained below 59oF (15oC). The KAUST researchers believe that their technology can be used for both cooling rooms and food refrigeration. After the salt has been dissolved, it can be crystallized and reused by evaporating the water with solar heat. A solar still can also be used to reuse the water.
Researchers throughout the world are also working to develop alternatives to the typical air conditioner in order to combat climate change – according to the International Energy Agency, the equipment emits millions of tons of CO2 every day. For example, Singaporean researchers have created a "cold tube" radiative cooling system that might replace air conditioning and allow customers to keep their windows open while the device cools their interior space. Meanwhile, Purdue University researchers created a Guinness World Record-breaking white paint that can chill buildings and drastically minimize the demand for air conditioning systems.
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